Kev tswj xyuas ntawmorganic chiv ntau lawm, hauv kev xyaum, yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv roj ntsha hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov compost.Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tswj xyuas yog kev sib cuam tshuam thiab kev sib koom tes.Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov cua sib txawv sib xyaw ua ke, vim muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab sib txawv degradation tshaj tawm.
Tswj dej noo
Cov dej noo yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev xav tauorganic composting.Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm manure composting, tus txheeb ze cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm composting yog 40% mus rau 70%, uas ua kom cov kev vam meej ntawm composting.Cov dej noo zoo tshaj plaws yog 60-70%.Cov khoom siv siab dhau los yog qis dhau ntawm cov dej noo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm aerobe kom tswj cov dej noo yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej fermentation.Thaum cov khoom ya raws tsawg dua 60%, qhov kub thiab txias yog maj mam nce thiab decomposition degree yog qis dua.Thaum cov dej noo ntau tshaj 70%, qhov cua yog cuam tshuam thiab anaerobic fermentation yuav tsim, uas tsis haum rau tag nrho fermentation kev vam meej.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tsim nyog ua kom cov av noo ntawm cov khoom siv raw tuaj yeem ua kom cov nplooj lwg kom loj hlob thiab ruaj khov.Cov av noo yuav tsum khaws cia ntawm 50-60% nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntxov ntawm composting thiab ces yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 40% mus rau 50%.Cov dej noo yuav tsum tau tswj qis dua 30% tom qab composting.Yog tias cov av noo siab, nws yuav tsum qhuav ntawm qhov kub ntawm 80 ℃.
Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias.
Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm microbial, uas txiav txim siab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.Thaum thawj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub composting yog 30 ~ 50 ℃, thermophilic microorganisms tuaj yeem degrade ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab decompose cellulose sai sai nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, yog li txhawb qhov nce ntawm qhov kub ntawm pawg.Qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws yog 55 ~ 60 ℃.Qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tsim nyog los tua cov kab mob, kab qe, cov noob nroj tsuag thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom thiab tsis zoo.Ntawm 55 ℃, 65 ℃ thiab 70 ℃ siab kub rau ob peb teev tuaj yeem tua cov khoom tsis zoo.Nws feem ntau yuav siv li ob mus rau peb lub lis piam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Peb tau hais tias cov dej noo yog qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov kub thiab txias.Cov dej noo ntau dhau yuav txo qis qhov kub ntawm cov chiv, thiab kho cov av noo yog qhov zoo rau qhov kub nce hauv theem tom ntej ntawm fermentation.Qhov kub kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev ntxiv cov dej noo ntxiv.
Tig lub pawg yog lwm txoj hauv kev los tswj qhov kub thiab txias.Los ntawm kev xa cov pawg, qhov kub ntawm cov khoom pawg tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo, thiab cov dej evaporation thiab cov cua ntws tuaj yeem nrawm dua.Covcompost turner tshuabyog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom paub luv luv-lub sij hawm fermentation.Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, tus nqi pheej yig thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo heev.Cov compost turner tshuabtuaj yeem tswj qhov kub thiab txias thiab lub sijhawm ntawm fermentation.
C/N ratio tswj.
Raws li C / N piv tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov fermentation du.Yog tias qhov sib piv C / N siab dhau lawm, vim tias tsis muaj nitrogen thiab qhov kev txwv ntawm qhov chaw loj hlob, qhov degradation ntawm cov organic teeb meem qeeb, ua rau lub voj voog ua kom ntev dua.Yog tias qhov sib piv C / N qis dhau, cov pa roj carbon tuaj yeem siv tau tag nrho, thiab cov nitrogen ntau dhau tuaj yeem poob raws li ammonia.Tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nitrogen chiv.Cov kab mob tsim microbial protoplasm thaum lub sij hawm cov organic fermentation.Protoplasm muaj 50% carbon, 5% nitrogen thiab 0. 25% phosphoric acid.Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias qhov tsim nyog C / N piv yog 20-30%.
C / N piv ntawm cov organic compost tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom C lossis siab N.Qee cov ntaub ntawv, xws li straw, nroj, ceg thiab nplooj, muaj fiber ntau, lignin thiab pectin.Vim nws cov ntsiab lus carbon / nitrogen siab, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov pa roj carbon ntau ntxiv.Cov quav tsiaj ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg thiab nqaij qaib yog siab nitrogen thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv nitrogen siab.Piv txwv li, kev siv tus nqi ntawm ammonia nitrogen hauv npua quav rau cov kab mob yog 80%, uas tuaj yeem txhawb txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab ua kom cov chiv ua kom zoo.
Covtshiab organic chiv granulation tshuabyog haum rau theem no.Additives tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov kev cai sib txawv thaum cov khoom siv raw nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab.
Air- ntwsthiab cov pa oxygen.
Rau qhovfermentation ntawm manure, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj cua txaus thiab oxygen.Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab cov pa oxygen tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.Qhov siab tshaj plaws kub thiab lub sij hawm ntawm composting tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev kho qhov kub ntawm pawg los ntawm cov huab cua ntshiab.Ua kom huab cua txaus tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dej noo thaum tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias.Kev ua pa kom zoo thiab cov pa oxygen tuaj yeem txo cov nitrogen poob thiab tsw tsim los ntawm compost.
Cov dej noo ntawm cov organic chiv muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau huab cua permeability, microbial kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv oxygen.Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawmaerobic composting.Peb yuav tsum tswj cov dej noo thiab qhov cua raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom kom ua tiav kev sib koom tes ntawm cov dej noo thiab oxygen.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob leeg ntawm lawv tuaj yeem txhawb txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab ua kom zoo rau cov kab mob fermentation.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov kev siv cov pa oxygen nce exponentially hauv qab 60 ℃, loj hlob qeeb tshaj 60 ℃, thiab nyob ze rau xoom tshaj 70 ℃.Qhov cua thiab oxygen yuav tsum tau kho raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
PH tswj.
Tus nqi pH cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem fermentation.Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm composting, pH yuav cuam tshuam cov kev ua ntawm cov kab mob.Piv txwv li, pH = 6.0 yog qhov tseem ceeb rau npua quav quav thiab sawdust.Nws inhibits carbon dioxide thiab kub ntau lawm ntawm pH <6.0.Thaum pH> 6.0, nws cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab cua sov nce sai.Nyob rau theem kub kub, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm pH siab thiab kub siab ua rau ammonia volatilization.Microbes decompose rau hauv cov organic acids los ntawm compost, uas txo cov pH rau ib ncig ntawm 5.0.Volatile organic acids evaporate thaum kub nce.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev yaig ntawm ammonia los ntawm cov organic teeb meem nce pH tus nqi.Thaum kawg, nws stabilizes nyob rau theem siab dua.Qhov siab tshaj plaws composting tus nqi tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm qhov kub siab dua composting nrog pH qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 7.5 txog 8.5.Ib qho pH siab kuj tuaj yeem ua rau ammonia volatilization ntau dhau, yog li pH tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev ntxiv alum thiab phosphoric acid.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim los tswj cov kev ua tau zoo thiab meejfermentation ntawm cov khoom siv organic.Rau ib qho khoom xyaw, qhov no yooj yim heev.Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom sib txawv cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam ib leeg.Txhawm rau kom paub txog kev ua kom zoo ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem composting, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum koom tes nrog txhua tus txheej txheem.Thaum cov kev tswj xyuas tau tsim nyog, cov fermentation tuaj yeem ua tau zoo, yog li tso lub hauv paus rau kev tsim khoom.zoo organic chiv.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-18-2021