Yuav ua li cas tswj qhov zoo ntawm compost

Kev tswj xyuas ntawmorganic chiv ntau lawm, hauv kev xyaum, yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv roj ntsha hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khib nyiab heap.Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tswj xyuas yog kev sib cuam tshuam thiab kev sib koom tes.Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov cua sib txawv sib xyaw ua ke, vim muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab sib txawv degradation tshaj tawm.

●Tswj dej noo
Moisturizing yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov organic composting.Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm manure composting, tus txheeb ze ya raws ntawm thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm composting yog 40% mus rau 70%, los xyuas kom meej qhov kev vam meej ntawm compost.Cov dej noo zoo tshaj plaws yog 60-70%.Cov khoom siv dej ntau dhau los yog qis dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau aerobiotic microbial kev ua haujlwm kom cov dej tswj yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej fermentation.Thaum cov ntaub ntawv noo noo tsawg dua 60%, cua sov yog qeeb, qhov kub thiab txias yog qis thiab decomposition degree yog qis dua.Cov dej noo ntau dua 70%, muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov cua, uas ua rau anaerobic fermentation, cua sov qeeb thiab tsis zoo decomposition.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias ntxiv dej rau hauv cov pob zeb hauv av tuaj yeem ua kom cov nplooj lwg kom loj hlob thiab ruaj khov hauv cov kab lus nquag tshaj plaws.Cov dej ntim yuav tsum nyob twj ywm 50-60%.Cov dej noo yuav tsum tau ntxiv tom qab ntawd khaws cia ntawm 40% mus rau 50%, thaum nws yuav tsum tsis txhob xau.Cov dej noo yuav tsum tswj tau qis dua 30% hauv cov khoom.Yog tias cov av noo siab, nws yuav tsum qhuav ntawm qhov kub ntawm 80 ℃.

●Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias
Qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm microorganism kev ua haujlwm.Nws txiav txim siab qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv.Nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 30 ~ 50 ℃ nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm compost heap, mesophile kev ua ub no tuaj yeem ua kom sov, ua rau qhov kub ntawm compost.Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub yog 55 ~ 60 ℃.Thermophilic microorganisms tuaj yeem degrade ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv organic thiab sai sai zom cellulose hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.Qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tua cov khib nyiab pov tseg, nrog rau cov kab mob, cov qe cab thiab cov noob nroj tsuag, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, nws yuav siv sij hawm 2 ~ 3 lub lis piam los tua cov pov tseg phom sij ntawm qhov kub ntawm 55 ℃, 65 ℃ rau 1 lub lis piam, los yog 70 ℃ rau ob peb teev.

Cov ntsiab lus noo noo yog qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov kub ntawm cov compost.Cov dej noo ntau dhau tuaj yeem txo qis qhov kub thiab txias.Kho cov dej noo yog ua kom sov rau tom qab theem ntawm compost.Kub tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev ua kom cov dej noo ntau ntxiv, tsis txhob muaj qhov kub thiab txias hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm compost.
Composting yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias.Composting tuaj yeem tswj qhov kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab txhim kho evaporation, yuam cua los ntawm lub pob.Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txo qhov kub ntawm reactor los ntawm kev sivcompost turner tshuab.Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, tus nqi qis thiab kev ua haujlwm siab.Txhawm rau kho qhov zaus ntawm composting tswj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub sijhawm.

●C/N ratio tswj
Thaum C / N piv yog tsim nyog, composting yuav ua tau smoothly.Yog tias qhov sib piv ntawm C / N siab dhau lawm, vim tsis muaj nitrogen thiab qhov chaw loj hlob tsawg, qhov degradation ntawm cov organic khib nyiab yuav qeeb, ua rau lub sij hawm ntev ntawm cov quav chiv.Yog tias qhov sib piv C / N tsawg dhau, cov pa roj carbon monoxide tuaj yeem siv tau tag nrho, ntau tshaj ntawm nitrogen poob rau hauv cov ntawv ntawm ammonia.Nws tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig tab sis kuj txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nitrogen chiv.Microbes tsim microbial protoplasm thaum lub sij hawm organic composting.Ntawm qhov hnyav hnyav, protoplasm muaj 50% carbon, 5% nitrogen thiab 0. 25% phosphate.Yog li, cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias qhov tsim nyog C / N ntawm compost yog 20-30%.
C / N piv ntawm cov organic compost tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom uas muaj cov pa roj carbon siab lossis siab nitrogen.Qee cov ntaub ntawv, xws li straw, nroj tsuag, deadwood thiab nplooj, muaj fibers, lignin thiab pectin.Vim tias siab C / N, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv roj carbon ntau.Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus nitrogen siab, cov tsiaj txhu muaj peev xwm siv tau los ua cov khoom siv nitrogen siab.Piv txwv li, npua quav quav muaj ammonium nitrogen uas muaj rau 80 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov kab mob microbes, thiaj li txhawb nqa microbial kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob thiab ua kom cov qoob loo kom loj hlob.Tshiab hom organic chiv granulatoryog haum rau theem no.Thaum cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab, cov khoom siv ntxiv tuaj yeem muab ntxiv raws li qhov xav tau sib txawv.

●Qhov cua thiab oxygen muab
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov chiv chiv kom muaj cua txaus thiab oxygen.Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab cov pa oxygen tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob microbial.Txhawm rau tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub los ntawm kev tswj qhov cua kom tswj tau qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm composting thiab lub sijhawm tshwm sim.Thaum tswj qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws, kom qhov cua tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dej noo.Kev ua pa kom zoo thiab cov pa oxygen tuaj yeem txo cov nitrogen poob, malodor ntau lawm thiab ya raws, uas yog ib qho yooj yim rau khaws cov khoom siv ntxiv.

Cov dej noo ntawm compost muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau aeration porosity thiab microbial kev ua haujlwm, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev noj cov pa.Nws yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab hauv aerobic composting.Nws yuav tsum tau tswj cov dej noo thiab qhov cua ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, kom ua tiav kev sib koom tes ntawm dej thiab oxygen.Thaum nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm ob qho tib si, nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa microbial kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim tawm thiab txhim kho kev tswj xyuas kom zoo.
Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom tias kev siv cov pa oxygen nce exponentially hauv qab 60 ℃, qis noj siab tshaj 60 ℃ thiab ze rau xoom tshaj 70 ℃.Tus nqi ntawm qhov cua thiab oxygen yuav tsum tau tswj raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

● pH tswj
Tus nqi pH cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem composting.Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm composting, pH cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob.Piv txwv li, pH = 6.0 yog tus ciam teb taw tes rau npua loj hlob thiab pom-dust.Nws inhibits carbon dioxide thiab cua sov tsim ntawm pH <6.0.Nws nce sai hauv cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab cov cua sov tsim ntawm PH> 6. 0. Thaum nkag mus rau theem siab kub, qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm pH siab thiab kub kub ua rau volatilization ntawm ammonia.Microbes degrade rau hauv cov organic acid nrog composting, ua rau pH txo, mus rau 5 los yog li ntawd.Thiab ces volatile organic acids volatilize vim qhov kub thiab txias.Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, ammonia, denigrated los ntawm cov organics, ua rau pH nce.Thaum kawg, nws stabilizes nyob rau theem siab.Nyob rau hauv lub siab kub ntawm compost, pH tus nqi ntawm 7.5 ~ 8.5 yuav ua tau siab tshaj composting tus nqi.Cov pH siab dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dhau ntawm ammonia, yog li nws tuaj yeem txo cov pH los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm alum thiab phosphoric acid.

 

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, los tswj qhov zoo ntawm compost tsis yog yooj yim.Nws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim rau ib