Kev kho kom tsim nyog thiab kev siv cov tsiaj txhu zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov nyiaj tau los ntau rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb feem ntau, tab sis kuj tseem ua kom zoo dua kev txhim kho ntawm lawv tus kheej kev lag luam.
Cov organic chivyog ib hom chiv nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm microbial chiv thiab organic chiv, uas feem ntau yog muab los ntawm cov khoom seem ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag (xws li cov tsiaj nyeg, qoob loo straw, thiab lwm yam) thiab yog tsim los ntawm kev kho mob tsis zoo.
Qhov no txiav txim siab tias cov organic chiv muaj ob yam: 1) kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob.2) kho cov organic pov tseg.
1) Cov kab mob tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm
Cov kab mob ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg feem ntau xa mus rau cov kab mob, suav nrog ntau hom kab mob, fungi thiab actinomycetes, uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm cov as-ham hauv av thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo tom qab siv rau hauv av.Cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem faib raws li hauv qab no:
1. Nitrogen-fixing kab mob:
(1) symbiotic nitrogen-fixing kab mob: feem ntau yog hais txog leguminous qoob loo rhizobia xws li: rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, mob ammonia-kho rhizobia seedlings, thiab lwm yam.;Non-leguminous qoob loo symbiotic nitrogen-kho kab mob xws li Franklinella, Cyanobacteria, lawv cov nitrogen fixation efficiency yog siab dua.
(2) Autogenous nitrogen-fixing kab mob: xws li cov kab mob xim av nitrogen-kho cov kab mob, cov kab mob photosynthetic, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Cov kab mob sib koom ua ke nitrogen-kho cov kab mob: hais txog cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem kho siab tsuas yog thaum nyob hauv cov hauv paus thiab nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag rhizosphere, xws li Pseudomonas genus, lipogenic nitrogen-fixing helicobacteria, thiab lwm yam.
2. Phosphorus dissolving (dissolving) fungi: Bacillus (xws li Bacillus megacephalus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus humilus, thiab lwm yam), Pseudomonas (xws li Pseudomonas fluorescens), Nitrogen-taw kab mob, Rhizobium, Thiobacillus, Rhizomegaspergillus. , Streptomyces, thiab lwm yam.
3. Cov kab mob poov tshuaj yaj (dissolved): cov kab mob silicate (xws li colloid Bacillus, colloid Bacillus, cyclosporillus), cov kab mob uas tsis yog silicate potassium.
4. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob: Trichoderma (xws li Trichoderma harzianum), actinomycetes (xws li Streptomyces flatus, Streptomyces sp. sp.), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis ntau yam, thiab lwm yam.
5. Rhizosphere kev loj hlob-txhawb cov kab mob thiab cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob-txhim kho fungi.
6. Lub teeb platform kab mob: ob peb hom ntawm genus Pseudomonas gracilis thiab ob peb hom ntawm genus Pseudomonas gracilis.Cov tsiaj no yog cov kab mob facultative aerobic uas tuaj yeem loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen thiab tsim nyog rau zus tau tej cov organic chiv.
7. Kab-resistant thiab nce cov kab mob ntau lawm: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Phylloidase, Cordyceps thiab Bacillus.
8. Cellulose decomposition kab mob: thermophilic lateral spora, Trichoderma, Mucor, thiab lwm yam.
9. Lwm cov kab mob ua haujlwm: tom qab cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov av, lawv tuaj yeem tso cov physiological active tshuaj los txhawb thiab tswj cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob.Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj purification thiab decomposition nyhuv ntawm cov av co toxins, xws li cov poov xab thiab lactic acid kab mob.
2) Organic cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm cov tsiaj residues uas tau decomposed.Organic cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj fermentation, tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha los ua chiv, kuj tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv khw.
Txhawm rau ua kom cov kab mob sib cuag nrog cov khoom siv raw thiab ua kom tiav fermentation, nws tuaj yeem sib tov sib npaug los ntawmcompost turner tshuabraws li hauv qab no:
Cov khoom siv organic feem ntau siv:
(1) Manure: qaib, npua, nyuj, yaj, nees thiab lwm yam tsiaj quav;
(2) Straw: pob kws straw, straw, nplej straw, soybean straw thiab lwm yam qoob loo stalks;
(3) husk thiab bran.Rice husk hmoov, txiv laum huab xeeb hmoov, txiv laum huab xeeb noob hmoov, nplej bran, fungus bran, thiab lwm yam.;
(4) dregs: distiller's dregs, soy sauce dregs, vinegar dregs, furfural dregs, xylose dregs, enzyme dregs, qej dregs, qab zib dregs, thiab lwm yam.
(5) ncuav mog qab zib.Soybean ncuav mog qab zib, soybean pluas mov, roj, ncuav mog qab zib rapeseed, thiab lwm yam.
(6) Lwm cov sludge hauv tsev, lim av nkos ntawm qab zib refinery, qab zib av nkos, bagasse, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos no tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw khoom rau kev tsim cov organic chiv tom qab fermentation.
Nrog rau cov kab mob tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv decomposed organic ob yam no tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov organic chiv.
1) Direct ntxiv txoj kev
1, xaiv cov kab mob microbial tshwj xeeb: tuaj yeem siv los ua ib lossis ob hom, feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj peb hom, vim tias kev xaiv ntau ntawm cov kab mob, sib tw rau cov as-ham ntawm ib leeg, ncaj qha ua rau kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib tw.
2. Kev suav ntawm qhov sib ntxiv: raws li tus qauv NY884-2012 ntawm bio-organic chiv nyob rau hauv Suav teb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia ntawm bio-organic chiv yuav tsum ncav cuag 0.2 lab / g.Hauv ib tuj ntawm cov khoom siv organic, ntau tshaj 2 kg ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm nrog cov kab mob muaj sia nyob ≥10 billion / g yuav tsum tau ntxiv.Yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia nyob yog 1 billion / g, ntau tshaj 20 kg yuav tsum tau ntxiv, thiab lwm yam.Ntau lub teb chaws yuav tsum tsim nyog ntxiv rau hauv cov qauv sib txawv.
3. Ntxiv txoj kev: Ntxiv cov kab mob ua haujlwm (hmoov) rau cov khoom siv fermented organic raws li txoj kev qhia hauv phau ntawv ua haujlwm, do tusyees thiab ntim nws.
4. Ceev faj: (1) Tsis txhob qhuav ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 100 ℃, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tua cov kab mob ua haujlwm.Yog tias tsim nyog kom qhuav, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv tom qab ziab.(2) Vim muaj ntau yam, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov organic chiv npaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem suav feem ntau tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo tagnrho, yog li hauv cov txheej txheem kev npaj, cov kab mob ua haujlwm feem ntau tau ntxiv ntau dua 10% siab dua li cov ntaub ntawv zoo tagnrho. .
2) Secondary aging thiab expansion culture method
Piv nrog rau txoj kev sib ntxiv ncaj qha, txoj kev no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev txuag tus nqi ntawm cov kab mob.Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov kev sim xav tau los txiav txim siab txog cov microbes tshwj xeeb ntxiv, thaum ntxiv cov txheej txheem me ntsis ntxiv.Nws yog feem ntau pom zoo tias qhov sib ntxiv yog 20% lossis siab dua ntawm txoj kev sib ntxiv ncaj qha, thiab ncav cuag lub teb chaws cov txheej txheem bio organic chiv los ntawm txoj kev laus theem nrab.Cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm yog raws li nram no:
1. Xaiv cov kab mob microbial tshwj xeeb (hmoov): tuaj yeem yog ib lossis ob hom, feem ntau tsis tshaj peb hom, vim tias cov kab mob ntau dua xaiv, sib tw rau cov as-ham ntawm ib leeg, ncaj qha ua rau cov kab mob sib txawv offset.
2. Kev suav ntawm qhov sib ntxiv: raws li tus qauv ntawm bio-organic chiv hauv Suav teb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia nyob ntawm bio-organic chiv yuav tsum ncav cuag 0.2 lab / g.Hauv ib tuj ntawm cov khoom siv organic, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia ≥10 billion / g ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb (hmoov) yuav tsum tau ntxiv tsawg kawg 0.4 kg.Yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia nyob yog 1 billion / g, ntau dua 4 kg yuav tsum tau ntxiv, thiab lwm yam.Ntau lub teb chaws yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv sib txawv kom tsim nyog ntxiv.
3. Ntxiv txoj kev: cov kab mob ua haujlwm (hmoov) thiab nplej bran, nplej husk hmoov, bran los yog lwm yam ntawm lawv rau kev sib tov, ncaj qha ntxiv rau cov khoom siv fermented organic, sib tov sib npaug, stacked rau 3-5 hnub los ua qhov tshwj xeeb. cov kab mob ua haujlwm nws tus kheej nthuav tawm.
4. Kev tswj dej noo thiab kub: thaum lub sij hawm stacking fermentation, cov dej noo thiab kub yuav tsum tau tswj raws li cov yam ntxwv lom ntawm cov kab mob ua haujlwm.Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias dhau lawm, qhov siab stacking yuav tsum tau txo.
5. Kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob tshwj xeeb cov ntsiab lus: tom qab qhov kawg ntawm stacking, sampling thiab xa mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog microbial nrhiav kom tau muaj peev xwm mus kuaj ua ntej seb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua tau raws li tus qauv, yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua tiav, koj tuaj yeem ua cov organic chiv. los ntawm txoj kev no.Yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, nce qhov ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm rau 40% ntawm txoj kev sib ntxiv ncaj qha thiab rov ua qhov kev sim ua kom tiav.
6. Ceev faj: Tsis txhob qhuav ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 100 ℃, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tua cov kab mob ua haujlwm.Yog tias tsim nyog kom qhuav, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv tom qab ziab.
Hauv kev tsim cov bio-organic chiv tom qab fermentation, nws feem ntau yog cov khoom siv hmoov, uas feem ntau ya nrog cua hauv lub caij qhuav, ua rau poob ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab plua plav paug.Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau txo cov plua plav thiab tiv thaiv caking, txheej txheem granulation feem ntau yog siv.Koj tuaj yeem siv cov hniav txhuam hniav hauv daim duab saum toj no rau granulation, nws tuaj yeem siv rau humic acid, carbon dub, kaolin thiab lwm yam nyuaj rau granulate raw cov ntaub ntawv.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-18-2021