Organic chiv feem ntau tua cov kab mob tsis zoo xws li cov kab mob pathogenic cov kab mob, cov qe kab, cov noob nroj tsuag, thiab lwm yam.Txawm li cas los xij, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov txheej txheem no yog cov metabolism thiab kev tsim tawm, thiab tsuas yog ib qho me me xwb.Cov metabolites, thiab cov metabolites no tsis ruaj khov thiab tsis yooj yim nqus los ntawm cov nroj tsuag.Nyob rau lub sijhawm txias tom qab, cov kab mob yuav ua kom cov organic teeb meem thiab tsim ntau cov metabolites uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob thiab kev nqus.Cov txheej txheem no siv sijhawm 45-60 hnub.
Lub compost tom qab cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tiav peb lub hom phiaj:
Ib.Nws tsis muaj teeb meem, cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov khib nyiab organic raug kho kom tsis muaj mob lossis nyab xeeb;
Qhov thib ob, nws yog humusification.Cov txheej txheem ntawm humusification ntawm cov av organic teeb meem yog decompose.Cov khoom yooj yim decomposition tsim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov kab mob tsim cov organic tebchaw tshiab-humus.Qhov no yog txheej txheem ntawm humification, ib daim ntawv ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov as-ham;
Thib peb, nws yog kev tsim cov microbial metabolites.Thaum lub sij hawm metabolism ntawm cov kab mob, ntau yam metabolites, xws li amino acids, nucleotides, polysaccharides, lipids, vitamins, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab cov proteins, yog tsim.
Cov txheej txheem fermentation ntawm cov organic compost yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov metabolism thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm ntau yam kab mob.Cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov kab mob yog cov txheej txheem ntawm decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem.Lub decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem yuav inevitably tsim lub zog kom kub.Kev tuag, hloov pauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab cov kab mob hauv cov txheej txheem composting yog txhua yam ua tiav tib lub sijhawm.Txawm hais tias nws yog los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm thermodynamics, biology lossis cov khoom siv hloov pauv, cov txheej txheem fermentation composting tsis yog lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm ob peb hnub lossis kaum hnub.Yuav ua li cas yog vim li cas composting tseem yuav siv sij hawm 45-60 hnub txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam kub, av noo, noo noo, kab mob thiab lwm yam mob yog zoo tswj.
Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem fermentation ntawm cov organic chiv compost yog cua sov theem → siab kub theem → txias theem → maturity thiab tshav kub preservation theem
1. Ua npaws theem
Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm compost zus tau tej cov microorganisms nyob rau hauv lub compost yog feem ntau nruab nrab-kub thiab aerobic hom, thiab feem ntau yog cov kab mob uas tsis yog-spore, kab mob spore thiab pwm.Lawv pib cov txheej txheem fermentation ntawm composting, decompose yooj yim decomposable organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv aerobic tej yam kev mob thiab ua kom muaj cua sov ntau, thiab tsis tu ncua ua rau lub compost kub ntawm li 20 ° C mus rau 40 ° C, uas yog hu ua kub taub hau theem.
2. Kub kub theem
Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, cov kab mob thermophilic maj mam hloov cov hom mesophilic thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.Qhov kub tseem nce ntxiv, feem ntau nce mus txog 50 ° C hauv ob peb hnub, nkag mus rau theem siab kub.
Nyob rau hauv lub siab kub theem, thermoactinomycetes thiab thermogenic fungi ua lub ntsiab hom.Lawv muaj zog decompose cov complex organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub compost, sau tshav kub, thiab lub compost kub nce mus rau 60-80 ° C.
3. Lub caij txias
Thaum lub sij hawm kub kub nyob rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, feem ntau ntawm cov cellulose, hemicellulose, thiab pectin tshuaj tau decomposed, tawm hauv complex Cheebtsam uas nyuaj rau decompose thiab tsim tshiab humus, cov kev ua ntawm microorganisms tsis muaj zog, thiab kub maj mam. poob.Thaum qhov kub poob qis dua 40 ° C, mesophilic microorganisms dhau los ua hom tseem ceeb dua.
4. Cov theem ntawm decomposing thiab tswj cov chiv
Tom qab cov compost decomposed, lub ntim shrinks, thiab qhov kub ntawm compost poob mus rau me ntsis siab tshaj qhov kub.Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, lub compost yuav tsum tau compacted los ua ib tug anaerobic lub xeev thiab tsis muaj zog cov mineralization ntawm organic teeb meem los pab txhawb kev khaws cia ntawm chiv.
Cov mineralization ntawm compost organic teeb meem tuaj yeem muab cov qoob loo thiab cov kab mob me me nrog cov khoom noj sai sai, muab lub zog rau cov dej num microbial, thiab npaj cov khoom siv raw rau humification ntawm compost organic teeb meem.
Daim ntawv qhia txog cov txheej txheem organic chiv fermentation:
1. Loos
Cov txheej txheem lom fermentation pib xoob rau hnub plaub ntawm fermentation thiab yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom tawg.
2. tsw
Txoj kev bio-fermentation pib txo cov ntxhiab tsw los ntawm hnub thib ob, pib ploj mus rau hnub plaub, tag nrho ploj mus rau hnub thib tsib, thiab exuded cov tshuaj tsw qab ntawm cov av rau hnub xya.
3. Kub
Txoj kev fermentation lom tau mus txog qhov kub thiab txias rau hnub 2, thiab pib poob rov qab rau hnub 7.Khaws lub siab kub theem kom ntev, thiab cov fermentation yuav decomposed tag.
4. PH tus nqi
Tus nqi pH ntawm txoj kev fermentation lom mus txog 6.5.
5. Cov ntsiab lus noo noo
Thawj cov ntsiab lus noo noo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw fermentation yog 55%, thiab cov dej noo ntawm cov txheej txheem lom neeg fermentation tuaj yeem txo mus rau 30%.
6. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4 + -N)
Thaum pib ntawm fermentation, cov ntsiab lus ntawm ammonium nitrogen nce sai heev thiab mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hnub 4.Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm ammoniation thiab mineralization ntawm organic nitrogen.Tom qab ntawd, ammonium nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov organic chiv tau poob thiab hloov dua siab tshiab vim volatilization.Nws ua nitrate nitrogen thiab maj mam txo.Thaum cov ammonium nitrogen tsawg dua 400mg / kg, nws nce mus txog qhov ua kom tiav.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ammonium nitrogen nyob rau hauv txoj kev fermentation lom yuav raug txo kom txog 215mg / kg.
7. Carbon rau nitrogen piv
Thaum C / NC / N piv ntawm compost mus txog qis dua 20, nws mus txog qhov kev loj hlob index.
Disclaimer: Ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab lus no tsuas yog siv rau kev siv xwb.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev daws teeb meem lossis cov khoom lag luam, thov xyuam xim rau peb lub vev xaib official:
www.yz-mac.com
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-29-2021