Tswj qhov zoo ntawm cov organic chiv.

Kev tswj hwm ntawm cov organic chiv ntau lawm yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev thiab cov yam ntxwv lom neeg hauv cov txheej txheem composting.Cov xwm txheej tswj tau raug tswj xyuas los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam.Vim muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab kev degradation ceev, cov kav dej sib txawv yuav tsum sib xyaw ua ke.

Tswj dej noo.
Moisture yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov organic composting, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm composting, tus txheeb ze dej ntsiab lus ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm compost yog 40% mus rau 70%, uas ua kom cov kev vam meej ntawm composting.Cov dej noo zoo tshaj plaws yog 60-70%.Qhov siab lossis qis dhau ntawm cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom cuam tshuam rau aerobic microbial kev ua haujlwm, yog li kev tswj dej yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej fermentation.Thaum cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom siv tsawg dua 60%, cua sov ceev yog qeeb thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog decomposition tsawg.Cov dej noo ntau dua 70%, muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov cua, tsim ntawm anaerobic fermentation, cua sov qeeb, tsis zoo decomposition thiab lwm yam.Ntxiv dej rau hauv lub pob zeb pob zeb tuaj yeem ua rau kom loj hlob thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov nplooj lwg.Dej yuav tsum khaws cia ntawm 50-60%.Tom qab ntawd, ntxiv noo noo kom nws nyob ntawm 40% mus rau 50%.

Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias.
Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm microbial, uas txiav txim siab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.Nyob rau theem pib ntawm lub pob zeb composting, qhov kub ntawm 30 mus rau 50 ° C, thiab cov dej nqhis dej ua rau muaj cua sov, uas ua rau qhov kub ntawm cov compost.Qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws yog 55 txog 60 ° C.Thaum tshav kub kub-obsessed microorganisms degrade ntau cov organic teeb meem thiab zom cellulose sai sai nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv.Qhov kub thiab txias yog tsim nyog los tua cov khoom pov tseg, cov kab mob cab cov qe thiab cov noob nroj tsuag, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, nws yuav siv sij hawm 2 mus rau 3 lub lis piam los tua cov khib nyiab pov tseg ntawm ℃ ~ qhov kub ntawm 55 mus rau 65 ° C, los yog ob peb teev ntawm 70 ° C. Cov ntsiab lus noo noo yog ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau compost kub.Cov dej noo ntau dhau ua rau qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov chiv.Kho cov ntsiab lus dej thaum lub sij hawm composting yog conductive rau huab cua hloov.Los ntawm kev nce cov dej noo thiab tsis txhob kub siab thaum lub sij hawm composting, qhov kub yuav txo tau.
Composting yog lwm yam hauv kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias.Composting tuaj yeem tswj qhov kub ntawm cov khoom, txhim khu evaporation thiab quab yuam cua los ntawm lub heap.Kev siv lub tshuab ua kom sib xyaw ua ke yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txo cov reactor kub.Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, tus nqi qis thiab kev ua haujlwm siab.Kho qhov zaus ntawm cov chiv kom tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub sijhawm.

C/N ratio tswj.
Thaum qhov sib piv C / N yog qhov tsim nyog, composting tuaj yeem ua tau zoo.Yog tias qhov sib piv C / N siab dhau lawm, vim tsis muaj nitrogen thiab ib puag ncig kev loj hlob tsawg, tus nqi degradation ntawm cov organic pov tseg qeeb, ua rau lub sij hawm ntev ntawm cov quav chiv.Yog tias qhov sib piv C / N qis dhau lawm, cov pa roj carbon tuaj yeem siv tau tag nrho thiab cov nitrogen ntau dhau yuav poob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ammonia.Nws tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nitrogen chiv.Microorganisms tsim microbial progeny nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm organic composting.Ntawm qhov hnyav qhuav, cov khoom siv raw muaj 50% carbon thiab 5% nitrogen thiab 0.25% phosphate.Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias qhov tsim nyog compost C / N yog 20-30%.
C / N piv ntawm cov organic compost tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau lossis nitrogen.Qee cov ntaub ntawv xws li straw thiab nroj thiab ntoo tuag thiab nplooj muaj fiber ntau thiab ligands thiab pectin.Vim nws qhov siab C / N, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv roj carbon ntau ntxiv.Vim muaj cov ntsiab lus nitrogen siab, cov tsiaj txhu tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv nitrogen siab.Piv txwv li, npua quav muaj 80% ntawm ammonium nitrogen muaj rau cov kab mob, uas txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab ua kom cov qoob loo loj hlob tuaj.Lub tshuab tshiab organic chiv granulation yog tsim rau theem no.Additives tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov kev cai sib txawv thaum cov khoom siv raw nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab.

Qhov cua thiab pa oxygen.
Manure compost yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis muaj cua thiab oxygen.Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab cov pa oxygen tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.Tswj qhov kub siab tshaj plaws thiab lub sijhawm tshwm sim ntawm cov chiv los ntawm kev tswj qhov cua kom kho qhov kub thiab txias.Ua kom qhov cua tshem tawm cov dej noo thaum tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias.Kev ua pa kom zoo thiab cov pa oxygen tuaj yeem txo cov nitrogen poob thiab tsw thiab noo noo hauv cov khoom siv compost, yooj yim khaws cov dej ntawm cov organic chiv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov pores thiab microbial kev ua, cuam tshuam rau kev siv oxygen.Nws yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab hauv aerobic composting.Nws yuav tsum tau tswj cov dej noo thiab qhov cua ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab ua tiav cov dej thiab cov pa oxygen.Noj ob qho tib si rau hauv tus account, nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob microorganisms thiab optimize tswj tej yam kev mob.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev siv cov pa oxygen nce zuj zus qis dua 60 ° C, thiab tias qhov cua thiab oxygen yuav tsum tau tswj raws li qhov kub sib txawv.

PH tswj.
PH tus nqi cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem composting.Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm composting, PH cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob.Piv txwv li, PH-6.0 yog tus ciam teb taw tes ntawm npua maturation thiab sawdust.Nws inhibits zus tau tej cov carbon dioxide thiab cua sov ntawm PH-6.0, thiab zus tau tej cov carbon dioxide thiab kub nce sai heev ntawm PH-6.Thaum nkag mus rau theem siab kub, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm PH tus nqi siab thiab kub siab ua rau ammonia volate.Cov kab mob microorganisms degrade mus rau hauv cov organic acids los ntawm compost, txo pH mus txog 5. Cov organic acids volatile ces evaporate thaum kub nce.Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ammonia yog vilified los ntawm cov organic teeb meem, ua rau PH nce.Thaum kawg nws stabilizes nyob rau theem siab.Ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov chiv, PH qhov tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm compost ntawm 7.5 mus rau 8.5 teev.Cov PHH ntau dhau kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov evaporation ntawm ammonia ntau dhau, yog li PHH tuaj yeem txo tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov txhuas thiab phosphoric acid.Kev tswj qhov zoo ntawm cov organic chiv tsis yooj yim.Qhov no kuj yooj yim rau ib qho mob.Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv sib tham sib tham thiab yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog txhua txoj kev kom ua tiav tag nrho kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv composting.Composting tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum tswj cov xwm txheej zoo.Yog li ntawd, cov organic chiv zoo tuaj yeem tsim thiab siv los ua cov chiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov nroj tsuag.