Composting txoj kev

Compost hloov nqaij qaib quav rau hauv cov organic chiv zoo heev

1. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm composting, tsiaj txhu manure, los ntawm kev ua ntawm microorganisms, hloov cov organic teeb meem uas nyuaj rau siv los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub qoob loo rau cov as-ham uas yooj yim nqus los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub qoob loo.

2. Qhov kub siab txog li 70 ° C uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm composting tuaj yeem tua tau cov kab mob thiab cov qe feem ntau, ua kom tsis muaj teeb meem.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm composting fermentation tag nrho decomposes cov organic pov tseg, thiab fermentation ntawm bio-organic raw cov ntaub ntawv plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov organic chiv ntau lawm txheej txheem.Txaus fermentation yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov organic chiv zoo.Lub tshuab composting paub txog qhov ua tiav fermentation thiab composting ntawm cov chiv, thiab muaj peev xwm paub qhov high-stacking thiab fermentation, uas txhim kho qhov ceev ntawm aerobic fermentation.

Nqaij qaib quav uas tsis yog tag nrho decomposed tuaj yeem hais tias yog cov chiv phom sij.

Organic chiv muaj ntau yam haujlwm.Organic fertilizer tuaj yeem txhim kho cov av ib puag ncig, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, txhim kho cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab zoo, thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo.

Kev tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm cov organic chiv yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lom neeg thaum lub sij hawm composting txheej txheem, thiab cov kev tswj xyuas yog ua los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam.

- Tswj dej noo

Moisturizing yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov organic composting.Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm manure composting, tus txheeb ze noo noo cov ntsiab lus ntawm compost raw cov ntaub ntawv yog 40% mus rau 70%, uas ua kom cov kev vam meej ntawm cov composting.

- Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias

Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm microbial, uas txiav txim siab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Composting yog lwm yam hauv kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias.Composting tuaj yeem tswj qhov kub ntawm cov khoom, txhim khu evaporation, thiab quab yuam cua los ntawm pawg.

- C / N piv tswj

Thaum qhov sib piv C / N yog qhov tsim nyog, composting tuaj yeem ua tau zoo.Yog tias qhov sib piv C / N siab dhau lawm, vim tsis muaj nitrogen thiab qhov chaw loj hlob tsawg, tus nqi degradation ntawm cov organic pov tseg yuav qeeb, ua rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov quav chiv.Yog tias qhov sib piv C / N qis dhau, cov pa roj carbon tuaj yeem siv tau tag nrho, thiab cov nitrogen ntau dhau yuav poob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ammonia.Nws tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nitrogen chiv.

- Kev ua pa thiab oxygen

Manure composting yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv huab cua tsis txaus thiab oxygen.Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab cov pa oxygen tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yog kho los ntawm kev tswj lub qhov cua, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws kub thiab lub sij hawm tshwm sim ntawm composting yog tswj.

- PH tswj

Tus nqi PH yuav cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem composting.Thaum cov txheej txheem tswj tau zoo, cov nplooj lwg tuaj yeem ua tiav zoo.Yog li ntawd, cov organic chiv zoo tuaj yeem tsim thiab siv los ua cov chiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov nroj tsuag.

Txoj kev ntawm composting.

Nws yog kev cai rau tib neeg kom paub qhov txawv ntawm aerobic composting thiab anaerobic composting.Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub composting yog qhov pib aerobic composting.Qhov no yog vim hais tias aerobic composting muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, zoo heev matrix decomposition, luv luv composting voj voog, tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab loj-scale siv kho tshuab.Anaerobic composting yog siv cov kab mob anaerobic kom ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decomposition, huab cua yog cais tawm ntawm cov chiv, qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tsawg, cov txheej txheem yog qhov yooj yim, cov khoom muaj ntau cov nitrogen, tab sis lub voj voog ntawm cov composting ntev dhau lawm, cov ntxhiab tsw muaj zog, thiab cov khoom muaj tsis txaus decomposition impurities.

Ib qho yog muab faib raws li seb cov pa oxygen xav tau, muaj aerobic composting thiab anaerobic composting;

Ib qho yog faib los ntawm compost kub, nrog rau high-temperature compost thiab nruab nrab-kub compost;

Ib qho yog cais raws li theem ntawm kev siv tshuab, suav nrog kev qhib huab cua hauv huab cua thiab kev siv tshuab ua kom zoo.

Raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov pa oxygen ntawm cov kab mob thaum lub sij hawm composting, txoj kev composting yuav muab faib ua ob hom: aerobic composting thiab anaerobic composting.Feem ntau, aerobic composting compost muaj qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau 55-60 ℃, thiab qhov txwv tuaj yeem ncav cuag 80-90 ℃.Yog li aerobic composting tseem hu ua high-temperature composting;anaerobic composting yog composting los ntawm anaerobic microbial fermentation nyob rau hauv anaerobic tej yam kev mob.

1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm aerobic composting.

①Aerobic composting yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv aerobic tej yam kev mob siv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm aerobic microorganisms.Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem composting, cov tshuaj soluble nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj txhu manure ncaj qha absorbed los ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm lub cell membranes ntawm cov kab mob;cov insoluble colloidal organic tshuaj yog thawj zaug adsorbed sab nraum cov kab mob thiab decomposed rau hauv soluble tshuaj los ntawm extracellular enzymes secreted los ntawm cov kab mob, thiab ces nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb..

Aerobic composting tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem.

Nruab nrab kub theem.Cov theem mesophilic tseem hu ua lub tshav kub ntau lawm, uas yog hais txog thawj theem ntawm cov txheej txheem composting.Cov txheej txheej hauv paus yog mesophilic ntawm 15-45 ° C.Mesophilic microorganisms yog cov nquag nquag thiab siv cov organic soluble hauv cov nplooj lwg los ua kom muaj zog lub neej.Cov kab mob mesophilic no suav nrog cov kab mob fungi, kab mob thiab actinomycetes, feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov suab thaj thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.

② Kub kub theem.Thaum cov pawg kub nce siab tshaj 45 ℃, nws yuav nkag mus rau theem siab kub.Nyob rau theem no, mesophilic microorganisms yog inhibited los yog txawm tuag, thiab hloov los ntawm thermophilic microorganisms.Cov seem thiab tshiab tsim soluble organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub compost tseem yuav oxidized thiab decomposed, thiab complex organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv compost, xws li hemicellulose, cellulose thiab protein, kuj muaj zog decomposed.

③ Txias theem.Nyob rau theem tom ntej ntawm fermentation, tsuas yog qee qhov nyuaj-rau-decompose organic teeb meem thiab tsim tshiab humus nyob.Lub sijhawm no, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob microorganisms txo qis, tus nqi calorific txo, thiab qhov kub thiab txias txo.Mesophilic microorganisms dominate dua, thiab ntxiv decompose cov organic seem uas nyuaj rau decompose.Cov humus txuas ntxiv nce thiab ruaj khov, thiab cov nplooj lwg nkag mus rau theem kev loj hlob, thiab qhov xav tau oxygen tau txo qis heev., Cov ntsiab lus noo noo kuj txo, qhov porosity ntawm compost yog nce, thiab cov pa oxygen diffusion muaj peev xwm txhim kho.Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog yuav tsum muaj qhov cua zoo.

2. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm anaerobic composting.

Anaerobic composting yog siv cov kab mob anaerobic los ua kom cov kab mob fermentation thiab decomposition nyob rau hauv cov mob anoxic.Ntxiv nrog rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej, cov khoom kawg suav nrog ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane thiab lwm cov organic acids, suav nrog ammonia, hydrogen sulfide thiab lwm yam khoom Nws muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab, thiab anaerobic composting yuav siv sij hawm ntev, thiab nws feem ntau yuav siv sij hawm ntau. hli kom tag nrho decompose.Cov tsoos ua liaj ua teb manure yog anaerobic composting.

Cov txheej txheem anaerobic composting feem ntau muab faib ua ob theem:

Thawj theem yog theem tsim cov kua qaub.Cov kab mob tsim cov kua qaub degrade loj-molecule organic teeb meem rau hauv me me-molecule organic acids, acetic acid, propanol thiab lwm yam khoom.

Qhov thib ob yog theem ntawm methane ntau lawm.Methanogens txuas ntxiv decompose organic acids rau hauv methane gas.

Tsis muaj oxygen los koom rau hauv cov txheej txheem anaerobic, thiab cov txheej txheem acidification ua rau lub zog tsawg dua.Lub zog ntau yog khaws cia hauv cov organic acid molecules thiab tso tawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm methane gas nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov kab mob methane.Anaerobic composting yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau cov kauj ruam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qeeb ceev thiab lub sijhawm ntev.

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev daws teeb meem lossis cov khoom lag luam, thov xyuam xim rau peb lub vev xaib official:

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